Esophageal Cancer: Early Signs, Diagnosis & Latest Treatments

The esophagus is a vital tube that connects your throat to your stomach, helping move food during digestion. But when cancer develops in this area, it can silently grow and spread before causing obvious symptoms. Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at a later stage, making early detection critical for better outcomes.

Dr. Prashanth, a leading GI and Cancer Surgeon in Hyderabad, specializes in diagnosing and treating esophageal cancer using advanced techniques including laparoscopic and robotic surgery. This blog aims to help you understand the early warning signs, diagnostic steps, and the latest treatment options available.

What Is Esophageal Cancer?

Esophageal cancer occurs when cells lining the esophagus grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. There are two main types:

Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Usually found in the upper and middle esophagus.
Adenocarcinoma – Often occurs in the lower esophagus, typically linked to acid reflux or Barrett’s esophagus.

Esophageal cancer is more common in men, especially over age 50, but lifestyle factors, obesity, and chronic reflux can increase risk in anyone.

Early Signs of Esophageal Cancer

Early-stage esophageal cancer may not cause symptoms, but as it progresses, the signs become more noticeable. If you experience any of the following, consult a GI specialist immediately:

1. Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia) : The most common early symptom. It may feel like food is getting “stuck” in the throat or chest.

2. Unexplained Weight Loss : Rapid, unintentional weight loss can indicate that your body isn’t absorbing nutrients properly or you’re eating less due to swallowing issues.

3. Chest Pain or Discomfort : Pain behind the breastbone or a burning sensation can resemble heartburn but could be something more serious.

4. Chronic Acid Reflux (GERD) : Ongoing acid reflux or regurgitation can damage the esophageal lining over time, increasing cancer risk.

5. Persistent Cough or Hoarseness : When the tumor affects nearby nerves or structures.

6. Vomiting or Coughing Up Blood : Advanced symptoms that should be evaluated urgently.

How Esophageal Cancer Is Diagnosed

Dr. Prashanth uses a comprehensive approach to accurately diagnose and stage esophageal cancer, which helps guide treatment planning.

Key Diagnostic Tools Include:

Upper GI Endoscopy: A camera-equipped tube is inserted through the mouth to visually examine the esophagus and take a biopsy.
Biopsy & Histopathology: Tissue samples are examined to confirm cancer type and grade.
CT Scan or PET-CT: To check for cancer spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Provides detailed images of tumor depth and lymph node involvement.

Latest Treatment Options for Esophageal Cancer

Treatment depends on the stage, location, overall health, and type of cancer. At his practice in Hyderabad, Dr. Prashanth offers the most advanced options with a focus on minimally invasive techniques and precision care.

1. Surgery : Surgical removal of the tumor and part of the esophagus (esophagectomy) is the mainstay of curative treatment in early and locally advanced cancers.

Laparoscopic Esophagectomy
Minimally invasive surgery that reduces pain, shortens hospital stay, and improves recovery time.
Robotic-Assisted Surgery (if available)
Enhanced precision and safety, especially in complex cases.

2. Chemoradiation (Neoadjuvant Therapy) : In many cases, chemotherapy combined with radiation is given before surgery to shrink the tumor and improve surgical outcomes.

3. Definitive Chemoradiation : For patients who cannot undergo surgery, this is the main treatment.

4. Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy : In advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer, newer treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors and HER2-targeted drugs may improve survival.

5. Palliative Procedures : In cases where cure is not possible, stents or radiation may be used to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Why Choose Dr. Prashanth for Esophageal Cancer Care in Hyderabad?

Expert in GI Cancers : Specialized training in complex esophageal and abdominal cancers.

Advanced Surgical Techniques : Minimally invasive and laparoscopic surgeries for faster recovery and reduced complications.

Personalized Treatment Plans : Tailored care based on your cancer stage, age, and health status.

Comprehensive Cancer Care : From diagnosis to surgery to postoperative follow-up — all under one roof

Don’t Delay. Early Detection Can Save Lives

Esophageal cancer can be silent, but it’s also treatable — especially when caught early. If you’re experiencing persistent acid reflux, difficulty swallowing, or any of the symptoms above, don’t ignore it.